What would be the effects of implementing carbon taxation in Spain? Marina Sánchez-Serrano, Guadalupe Arce, Jorge Zafrilla, and Luis A. Lopez analyze this question in their new article published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology. Here’s a summary:

The article, titled “Unveiling households’ vulnerabilities across regions and generations in Spain: a carbon tax and compensation approach,” examines the carbon footprint of households based on factors such as the Autonomous Community of residence, followed by a simulation of carbon taxation.

The results reveal the regressive nature of carbon taxation: households residing in regions with lower average expenditure levels are the most affected by this measure. There are also notable differences across age groups: younger households are primarily affected by transport-related taxation, while older households are more impacted by taxation on housing and utilities.

To mitigate these inequalities, the authors propose compensation mechanisms based on social and economic factors, with economic criteria being essential for designing fiscal instruments.

If you want to learn more, you can read the article here:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44498-026-00019-x